Subaru Forester

1997-2005 of release

Repair and operation of the car


Subaru Forester
+ Subaru Forester cars
- Maintenance instruction
   Access, protection
   Seats and devices of safety
   Instrumentations and governing bodies
   Comfort
   Methods of operation
+ Routine maintenance
+ Engine
+ Cooling systems, heating
+ Power supply system and release
+ Engine electric equipment
+ Control systems of the engine
+ Gear shifting box
+ Coupling, transmission line
+ Brake system
+ Suspension bracket and steering
+ Body
+ Onboard electric equipment


Methods of operation

Main cautions

The Subaru car will provide to the owner optimum characteristics and will show high operational qualities as on roads with a good and equal covering, and in cross-country conditions.

Running in of the new car

To provide reliability and durability of the car in operation, throughout the first 600 km of a run it is necessary to follow the following rules:

    a) Do not start on full gas, avoid sharp dispersals;
    b) You do not brake too sharply. Normal extra earnings of new brake shoes happens over a run in 300 km during which it is necessary to brake, whenever possible, smoothly and with average intensity.

After repair or replacement of the engine, and also after replacement of brake shoes it is necessary to observe similar restrictions and recommendations.

Gas station of the car

Type of the applied fuel

For gas station of the car it is necessary to use unleaded fuel with octane number not lower than 95.

Gas station of the fuel tank

Gasoline is flammable and explosive substance. Careless handling of gasoline can lead to burns or other serious injuries.

During filling the fuel tank switch off the engine and you do not bring close to an open mouth the heated or sparking objects, you do not smoke in the territory of gas station.

Carry out all operations on service of fuel system only in the open air. At hit of splashes of gasoline on open sites of skin or on paint and varnish surfaces of body elements it is necessary to wipe them with dry rags immediately.


The handle of remote unlocking of the hatch of a jellied mouth of the fuel tank is located to the left of a driver's seat; the jellied mouth is from the right board of the car


The filling mouth of the fuel tank is located on the right side of the car therefore it is necessary to approach a fuel-dispensing column at gas station the right board.

On some models from the inside of a door of the hatch the special holder for the fixing uncovered with mouths is equipped


 PERFORMANCE ORDER

1. Open the hatch of a filling mouth of the fuel tank, having pulled for the handle close to a driver's seat, to the left of it.
2. Having slowly turned on the left, uncover a jellied mouth.

Otvorachivany covers can be followed by the characteristic hissing sound arising at an exit from a tank of fuel evaporations. On some models presence of the special holder who settles down on inside of the hatch is provided and it is intended for temporary fastening of a cover of a mouth of the fuel tank during gas station of the car.

3. Gas station should be stopped as soon as there was an automatic switching off of the pump of a fuel-dispensing column. Do not try to fill a tank over norm, - leave free space for expansion of fuel when heating.
4. Screw a cover on a filling mouth of the fuel tank and properly tighten it, - not less than two clicks of a clamp of a cover have to be heard.
5. Close the hatch and press it for a lock clamp zashchelkivaniye.


Control of level of engine oil

The description of the procedure of check of level of oil is provided in the Head Routine maintenance of the present manual.

Control of level of cooling liquid of the engine

The description of the procedure of check of level of cooling liquid is provided in the Head Routine maintenance of the present manual.

Transportation of goods in the car

General information

The car is equipped with several capacities intended for placement of the transported objects.

The ware offices located in interior of the car are intended for placement of small objects. Treat the main ware box in the dashboards, door pockets and pockets located in seatbacks and also the ware boxes which are built in the central console and the luggage compartment of the car their number.

Large-size objects should be placed in the luggage compartment of the car. Transportation of lengthy objects becomes possible thanks to a folding design of backs of a back seat.

It is necessary to remember, however, that the wrong transportation of freights can negatively affect controllability and stability of the car and, therefore, to reduce safety. Before transporting this or that freight in the car, study information given below.

Maximum loading capacity of the car

Excess of the maximum admissible loading capacity of the car or the wrong placement of freight in can become the reason of the road accident and lead to traumatizing and even death being in interior of the car of the driver or passengers. Do not exceed the maximum admissible value of weight gross when loading the car, and also other restrictions mentioned in the present manual.


In transit freights in the car it is necessary to consider that the full mass of the car should not exceed the maximum admissible value. The full mass of the car includes: the equipped mass of the car, mass of the driver and passengers, mass of the hook-on device installed on the car, and also the mass of the trailer falling on it. At any options of loading of the car of load of axes also should not exceed extreme admissible values. Information on the maximum admissible values of full weight and axial loadings is provided in Specifications.

Transportation of goods in interior of the car

 PERFORMANCE ORDER

1. Reliably fix all objects placed in interior of the car, in order to avoid their shift in case of the road accident.
2. Do not place large-size objects on the back shelf of salon, - they narrow to the driver the sector of the review and can be dumped forward at collision and sharp braking.
3. Make sure that the objects laid on the floor behind front seats cannot be rolled forward and under no circumstances are not capable to prevent the driver to manipulate freely pedals of management, and also cannot break correctness of adjustment of provision of front seats.
4. You hold a ware box during the movement closed.


Transportation of goods in the luggage compartment or on the luggage carrier installed on a car roof

Try to distribute freight evenly, placing baggage it is possible closer to seats. Heavy freights always have to settle down from below, on half of the luggage compartment. Reliably record the transported objects a strong cord that they could not be displaced on the run of the car. Never stack baggage higher than the level of backs of front seats.

In transit large-size or lengthy objects at the put back seats, try to fix reliably them a strong cord to prevent freight shift during emergency brake application of the car. Do not stack baggage higher than the level of seatbacks in order to avoid reduction of the sector of the review to the driver.

The description of operations of folding of backs of back seats and their return to initial is provided in the Section of the Seat and the device of safety.

In need of transportation of the lengthy objects which are not allowing to close a door a back/cover of the luggage compartment you remember that the fulfilled engine gases can get to interior of the car, - observe the appropriate measures of precaution (see the Section of the Seat and the device of safety).

At placement of freight on the luggage carrier installed on a car roof track that the cumulative mass of baggage did not exceed admissible value. For obtaining more detailed information address on car repair shop of the Subaru company.

Start of the engine

 PERFORMANCE ORDER

1. Cock the parking brake.
2. At a low temperature of air switch off everything auxiliary consumers of electric energy to reduce load of the rechargeable battery.
3. On the models equipped with RKPP squeeze out a coupling pedal against the stop and include neutral transfer.
4. On models with AT make sure that the lever of the selector is installed in situation "P" or "N" and squeeze out a pedal of a foot brake.
5. Without squeezing out the accelerator pedal, turn a key in the ignition lock in situation "START" (3) and include a starter. If the engine was not started at once, continue to scroll a bent shaft a starter, remembering that duration of continuous functioning of a starter should not exceed 10 seconds. The repeated attempt of start should be made not less than 15 seconds later, - the pause is necessary for cooling of an electric motor of a starter.
6. If the engine does not manage to be started during the continuous work of a starter within 10 seconds, or the started engine at once becomes deaf, try to execute start at the accelerator pedal which is squeezed out to a half. After successful start of the engine release the accelerator pedal to avoid sharp increase in turns.
7. If it is not possible to start the engine still, completely squeeze out the accelerator pedal and hold it in the pressed situation during the whole time of functioning of a starter, - it will help to remove the excess fuel which got to the inlet pipeline and cylinders of the engine. Duration of continuous work of a starter, as well as in the previous cases, should not exceed 10 seconds. If the engine is not started after a purge of cylinders, once again try to start it at partially squeezed out accelerator pedal. Right after implementation of start release a pedal.


Features of start of the engine in cold weather in the conditions of highlands (height above sea level more than 2400 m)

At a low temperature of air start of the engine is at a loss. In the conditions of highlands where air is strongly discharged, start of the engine becomes complicated in addition. Instructions which need to be followed at start of the engine in the considered conditions are given below.

 PERFORMANCE ORDER

1. Switch off everything auxiliary consumers of electric energy to reduce load of the rechargeable battery.
2. Squeeze out the accelerator pedal to a half and hold it in this situation during the whole time of scrolling of a bent shaft of the engine a starter. Duration of continuous inclusion of a starter should not exceed 15 seconds. After implementation of successful start of the engine gradually release the accelerator pedal, without allowing substantial increase of turns.
3. If the engine is not started, squeeze out the accelerator pedal against the stop and hold it in the pressed situation during the whole time of functioning of a starter. Duration of continuous work of a starter, as well as in the previous case, should not exceed 10 seconds. If the engine is still not started, repeat the attempt described above.
4. At a negative temperature of air or if the car was not used within several days, let's the engine get warm within 3 ÷ 4 minutes, only after it begin the movement.


Engine stop

Never switch off the engine during the movement of the car, - it leads to sharp pressure drop in system of the power steering that is fraught with decrease in controllability of the car. Besides, at the killed engine the vacuum amplifier of brakes ceases to function. Shutdown of the engine can also lead to casual installation of the switch of ignition in position of LOCK that will lead to blocking of a steering wheel.

Switching off of ignition has to is made only after a full stop of the vehicle and dumping of turns of the engine to single.

Features of driving of the car about the manual check point

General information

At movement along the road with a slippery covering intensive braking by the engine or excessively sharp dispersal can be led to loss of control over the car and, - as result, - to emergency collision. Observe extra care at the movement along the road with a covering which is not providing due coupling with car wheels.

The scheme of gear shifting on the models equipped with RKPP

For ensuring smooth and unaccented switching all transfers of the forward course are synchronized. On many models the blocking device which excludes a possibility of direct switching from the fifth transfer to transfer of a backing is provided in the transmission. When switchings the transmission "up" (on the highest steps) or "down" (on the lowest steps) completely switch off coupling. After transfer of the lever of switching of the transmission to the provision of the following transfer smoothly release a coupling pedal. During the movement to the chosen transfer completely remove a leg from a coupling pedal in order to avoid premature wear of components of the mechanism of the last.

Include transfer of a backing only after a full stop of the car. The attempt to include a reverse on the run can lead to serious damage of the transmission. Before turning on of the reverse gear completely switch off coupling and sustain short (in several seconds) a pause.

Instead of a pause it is possible to make short inclusion of one of forward transfers. The described methods of inclusion of a backing allow to prevent shock turning on of the reverse gear because of residual rotation of gear wheels.

For delay of the car it is possible to use braking by the engine, having switched the transmission to one of the lowered steps. Braking by the engine allows to control the speed of the movement of the car at the safe level and prevents an overheat of brake mechanisms at the movement on long descents with a considerable bias. Switch the transmission to the lowered steps consistently, in process of reduction of speed not to allow excess of the most admissible frequency of rotation of a bent shaft of the engine on a tachometer. The arrow of a tachometer should not come into a red zone of a scale. In all cases it is necessary to be guided by values of the maximum admissible speed of the car on the corresponding transfers (see below).

The recommended gear shifting moments

Try to move on the highest transfer providing in specific road conditions normal functioning of the engine at uniform motion and a possibility of smooth dispersal of the car. Following of this recommendation will provide high profitability of the car and effective work of system of neutralization of the fulfilled gases. At gear shiftings be guided by the data provided in Specifications.

The most admissible speeds of the movement of the car on various transfers

In Specifications the maximum admissible speeds of the movement of the car are given in various transfers. At excess of the specified values of speed, the arrow of a tachometer will come into a red zone of a scale, indicating unacceptably high frequency of rotation of a bent shaft of the engine. At the same time the electronic block of a control system of the engine begins to limit turns of a bent shaft, reducing fuel supply that it is possible to feel it on change of power setting. Operation of the engine is normalized as soon as the arrow of a tachometer leaves a red zone of a scale.

In order to avoid breakage of the engine before transfer switching, be convinced that the arrow of a tachometer does not exceed the most admissible speed of the movement on this transfer and is not in a red zone of a scale.

Transfer case

The lever of switching of the transfer case (model with RKPP).

The lever of switching of the transfer case is located to the left of the lever of the drive of the parking brake, behind the gear shifting lever.

The provision of HI is intended for normal service conditions of the car.

At the movement in cross-country conditions, and also in the mountain area when development of bigger torque is required, it is necessary to switch a reducer of the transfer case to position of LO. It is also recommended to switch the transfer case to position of LO at start-off from the place uphill.

For switching of the transfer case in another it is necessary to squeeze out of one mode against the stop a pedal of coupling and to release gas. If the lever of switching is got jammed in situation, intermediate between HI and LO, make sure of completeness of an otpuskaniye of a pedal gas/squeezing of a pedal of coupling, then repeat attempt

Features of driving of the car with automatic transmission

On cars of the Subaru brand the four-stage hydromechanical automatic transmission with the blocked hydrotransformer and an electronic and hydraulic control system is installed. The control system of the transmission provides timely and smooth switching of all steps of the forward course. Blocking of the hydrotransformer improves fuel profitability of the car. On subjective feelings inclusion of a blocking friction clutch of the hydrotransformer is similar to usual switching of a step of the transmission.

Transmission is equipped with the electronic control system providing the optimum gear shifting answering to any traffic conditions and a condition of a paving.

At the movement of the car uphill the possibility of switching of transmission to higher transfer is automatically blocked if the control unit defines that the power unit will not provide further advance of the car with a former speed.

On abrupt descents the control unit can automatically switch transmission to lower transfer that increases efficiency of braking of the vehicle the engine and reduces intensity of wear of brake mechanisms.

If automatic switching of transmission to a low gear at the movement downhill does not happen, the driver has to provide this switching independently!

Indicators of position of the selector of gear shifting

Indication of provisions of the lever of the selector.

In structure of a combination of devices of the models equipped with automatic transmission the additional indicator lamps allowing the driver are built in it is easy to control position of the selector of ranges of AT.

Rules of switching of ranges of AT

General information

The lever of the selector of ranges of transmission can be in one of seven fixed provisions. At start of the engine the lever has to be only in situation "P" or "N". If the stop of the car is made when in the automatic transmission one of ranges of the movement "D", "3", "2", "1", "R", or "N" is included, then it is necessary to release completely a pedal gas and to squeeze out strongly.

From above on the handle of the lever of the selector the button of blocking of options of switching is located.

From above on the handle are located the blocking button allowing to avoid casual transfer of the lever to inadmissible situation and the button of inclusion of the POWER mode (see below). When translating the lever of the selector in any of provisions of the movement surely squeeze out a pedal of a foot brake of situation "N".

Provisions of the lever

Situation "P". In this position of the lever of the selector of ranges the secondary shaft of transmission is mechanically blocked. Always you transfer the lever of the selector of ranges to situation "P" at switching off or start of the engine. To bring the lever of the selector of ranges out of situation "P", it is necessary to squeeze out a brake pedal, previously having released the accelerator pedal. Reject the lever of the selector of ranges to the right and bring him out of situation "P".

In order to avoid breakage of AT you transfer the lever to situation "P" only after a full stop of the car.

Extraction of a key from the lock of ignition becomes possible only after transfer of the lever of the selector in the provision "P".

Situation "R". (Neutral) you make turning on of the lever in situation "R" from situation "N" only after a full stop of the car, previously having pressed the lock button.

Automatic transmission is equipped with the special safety device which does not allow to move incidentally the lever to situation "R" if the speed of the car exceeds value 10 h12 km/h.

If the backing does not join after a full stop of the car, squeeze out a brake pedal and slowly move the lever of the selector of ranges at first to situation "N", then to situation "R".

Situation "N". Use situation "N" (Neutral) at start of the decayed engine on the run of the car and at short stops of the car with the working engine. If you for any reason need to depart from the car, previously transfer the lever of the selector of ranges to situation "P" (Parking). At a lever conclusion squeeze out a pedal of a foot brake of situation "N".

Situation "D". This situation is used in most cases at the movement in the conditions of not loaded city cycle and at the movement on highways. In this situation transmission uses the full range of forward transfers, in the corresponding situations the braking mode the engine automatically joins.

At the movements uphill and under a bias the module of management of transmission (TCM) can make blocking of switching to the raised / low gear, minimizing thereby the number of switchings and providing the maximum smoothness of the course of the car.

Situation "3". At transfer of the lever of the selector of ranges to situation "3", the automatic transmission functions similar to a case of inclusion of range of "D". Difference consists that transition to the fourth transfer is excluded. Range of "D3" is recommended to be used at towage of the trailer in the hilly area or for braking implementation by the engine on descent of the considerable steepness. Inclusion of range "3" is useful also for an exception of excess cyclic switchings of automatic transmission between the third and fourth transfers. Similar cyclic switchings of the transmission can be observed, for example, at the movement in a dense transport stream with frequent delays and stops of the car.

For sharp dispersal of the car during the operation of the transmission in the range of "D" or "3" squeeze out the accelerator pedal against the stop. At the same time the transmission will automatically pass to adjacent lowest transfer. If the speed of the car is small, then the transmission can switch to two steps down at once.

Situation "2". At inclusion of range "2" automatic transmission will constantly work at the second transfer. At a car stop the transmission does not pass to the first transfer. Constant inclusion of the second transfer provides good traction dynamics of the car on rises and a possibility of intensive braking with the engine on abrupt descents. Range "2" is recommended to be included at a start of motion on a slippery paving, and also at the movement on deep snow. It helps to prevent strong pro-slipping of driving wheels of the car.

At inclusion of range "2" on the run of the car inclusion of the second transfer to transmissions automatically is late and happens only after the speed of the car decreases to the safe level at which the frequency of rotation of a bent shaft of the engine will not exceed the most admissible value.

Situation "1". At inclusion of range "1" automatic transmission will constantly work at the first transfer. If inclusion of range "1" is made at a speed more than 50 km/h, then transmission at first will switch to the second transfer. Inclusion of an intermediate step allows to exclude sharp and unexpected braking by the engine.

Switch of the modes of functioning of AT

The automatic transmissions used on the considered models of the Subaru cars have three modes of functioning: "Normal", "POWER" and "HOLD".

HOLD mode

The HOLD mode is intended for movement along roads with the lowered component of coupling of a covering (snow, dirt). At activation of the mode start-off of the car in the provision "D" of AT is made from the second transfer that considerably reduces probability of pro-slipping of wheels.

Button of inclusion/switching off of the HOLD mode.

For inclusion of the HOLD mode it is necessary to press the special button located to the left of the lever of the drive of the parking brake in the lower part of the central console. Return the normal mode is made by repeated pressing of the same button.

Control lamp of inclusion of the HOLD mode.

Activation of the HOLD mode is followed by operation of the control lamp which is built in in the dial of a tachometer.

POWER mode

Activation of the POWER mode at the included HOLD mode is not represented possible.

The mode of the increased power of "POWER" is applied to sharp dispersal of the vehicle, and also at emergence of need for increase in efficiency of return of the engine.

Inclusion of the mode is made by means of built in in the button selector lever handle (lower of two) and is followed by operation the control lamp which is built in in the tachometer dial.

Application of the POWER mode during the movement leads to a delay of switching of transmission to overgears.

Again press a pedal to switch off the power mode.

The maximum admissible speeds of the movement of the car in various ranges of transfers

The maximum admissible speeds of the movement of the car at inclusion of various ranges of the automatic transmission are specified in Specifications. At excess of the values stipulated in Specifications, the arrow of a tachometer comes into a red zone of a scale, indicating excess of admissible turns of the engine. At the same time the electronic block of a control system of the engine begins to limit turns of a bent shaft, reducing fuel supply that can be felt on change of power setting. Operation of the engine returns to normal as soon as the arrow of a tachometer leaves a red zone of a scale.

In order to avoid breakage of the engine before transfer switching, be convinced that the arrow of a tachometer does not come for value of the most admissible speed of the movement on this transfer and is not in a red zone of a scale.

Overtaking

During overtaking commission, when squeezing the accelerator pedal to a floor there is an automatic switching of transmission to the next to chosen at the moment subordinate transfer (to the 4th on the 3rd, to the 3rd on the 2nd, to the 2nd on the 1st), - need for any switchings of the lever of the selector at the same time is absent.

Short-term stop

At short-term stops, - for example on the traffic light, - it is possible to leave transmission on transfer, holding the car brakes.

At longer stops with the working engine it is necessary to transfer the selector lever to situation "N", - before a start of motion do not forget to transfer the lever to situation "D".

At a short-term stop on the bias going uphill it is not necessary to hold the car not movably by means of an accelerator, - use the foot or parking brake.

During braking avoid squeezing of the accelerator pedal, - if the lever of the selector is not transferred to situation "N" or "P", it can lead to unexpected acceleration.

Features of driving, the equipped back differential with the viscous coupling (models with a turbo-supercharging)

The differential of this design provides optimum distribution of efforts at various speed between the right and left back wheels that can be caused by distinction in components of coupling of wheels with a paving. Thus, stability of the movement of the car on the covered with snow, dirty and slippery roads improves.

Never start the engine if the wheel on the one hand of the car is lifted as the car can move.

If any back wheel is scrolled in dirt, it is not necessary to allow its rotations with a high speed as it can lead to damage of the viscous coupling of differential.

Use on the back bridge of the car of wheels/tires of the different size can lead to failure of viscous differential.

Control system of speed (темпостат)

General information

The control system of speed (темпостат) is included in a basic equipment of some models, on others can be established in addition. The system allows to support automatically chosen cruiser speed of the movement of the car without impact on the accelerator pedal. Cruiser speed should not exceed value of 40 km/h. Application of a tempostat becomes especially convenient at long movement along the low-loaded direct country highways. For the purpose of safety it is not recommended to include темпостат at the movement in the city, on twisting, abounding with turns, to roads, on a slippery paving, in a heavy rain or at other adverse weather conditions. In the listed above cases the driver has to have an opportunity to completely control the mode of the movement of the car.

Misuse of a tempostat can be the reason of the road accident. Include a control system of speed only at movement along free highways and under favorable weather conditions.

During functioning of system there can be an automatic movement of the accelerator pedal which at the same time should not be held a leg in order to avoid damage of basic and axial mechanisms.


Location of the understeering lever switch of management of a tempostat.

The main switch of a tempostat is equipped with the built-in control lamp.

The lever switch of management of functioning of a tempostat is located over a steering column on the right, assemblies of the right combined understeering switch are lower, inclusion/switching off of system is made by means of the equipped built-in control lamp of the button of the main switch of a tempostat and is followed by operation of the corresponding control lamp on the car dashboard.

Management of functioning of a tempostat

On the models equipped with AT it is necessary to translate previously the lever of the selector of transfers to situation D.

 PERFORMANCE ORDER

1. Include темпостат, having pressed the button of its main switch (see above) - the control lamp which is built in the switch has to light up.
2. Accelerate the car to the required cruiser speed which value should not be less than 40 km/h.
Wring out the switch lever in the direction of down "COAST/SET ", then release, - the speed of the movement gained by the car at the moment will be automatically supported now. For increase in the set speed it is necessary to wring out the switch lever in the direction of "ACC/RES" up (reduction of speed is reached by push-up of the lever down). Each push-up of the lever leads to change of value of the chosen speed on 1.6 km/h. Acceleration of the car when overtakings is made by squeezing of the accelerator pedal after which otpuskaniye speed will automatically return to the chosen earlier cruiser value.

When using a tempostat on the models equipped with RKPP do not transfer the transmission to neutral situation without squeezing of a pedal of coupling as it can lead to excessive increase in frequency of rotation of a bent shaft!


Cancellation of the entered installation of cruiser speed of the movement of the car can be made by single procrastination of the lever of the switch of a tempostat in the direction of "CANCEL", squeezing of a pedal of a foot brake, or squeezing of a pedal of coupling (model with RKPP). At reduction in the rate of the movement of the car values of 40 km/h are lower, or the value more than 16 km/h below chosen there will also be an automatic dumping of installation of a tempostat.

For return of system to the value established earlier after dumping of installations of a tempostat as a result of braking or squeezing of coupling wring out the switch lever up ("ACC/RES). Told does not treat a case when dumping of installation resulted from falling of speed below value of 40 km/h.

Switching off of a tempostat is made by means of the OFF key framing the button of the main switch.

Trouble signaling of a tempostat

If the control lamp of a tempostat begins to blink when using a control system of speed, switch off темпостат, then again include it by means of the button of the main switch. If at repeated inclusion of system the control lamp continues to function in the flashing mode, will join and at once will go out, or will not join at all, the car should be driven away on car repair shop for detailed diagnostics of a condition of a tempostat.

Braking

The principle of action and design of components of the brake system are in detail considered in the Head the Brake system of the present manual.

All components of the brake system are essential from the point of view of driving safety. Regularly, according to the Schedule (see the Head Routine maintenance) perform procedures of maintenance of the vehicle. Try to use only services of company car repair shops of the Subaru company. The first 200 km (125 miles) of a run after replacement of brake shoes try to avoid sharp braking whenever possible.

At the movement under a bias, in order to avoid an overheat of brake mechanisms, try to carry out braking of the car the engine, including for this purpose a low gear.

After a heavy rain or overcoming water barriers before beginning the movement at a full speed, check efficiency of functioning of brake mechanisms, - the become wet blocks and disks can be quickly dried during several braking at the movement with a small speed.

Recommendations about security measures at operation of the models equipped with ABS

ABS does not reduce a brake way of the car and is only capable to provide preservation of controllability of the car in the course of braking. In view of told it is necessary to support constantly a safe distance to ahead the going vehicle, proceeding from the speed of the car and specific conditions of the movement.

ABS does not prevent a side skid at sharp change of the direction of the movement of the car. For example, the car can enter a drift when passing turn at too high speed or at breakthrough of a wheel during change of a lane. Always support the safe speed of the vehicle, being conformed with a condition of a paving and traffic conditions.

ABS does not prevent loss of course stability of the car. In the course of emergency brake application avoid sharp breakthroughs of a steering wheel.

The brake way of the equipped ABS car can exceed a little habitual for models with the ordinary brake system. Told especially it is noticeable at the movement on fragile and uneven pavings (gravel, snow). At the movement in similar road conditions reduce speed and increase a distance to ahead the going vehicle.

Control lamp of violations of functioning of ABS

The structure of system of anti-blocking switched on the self-diagnostics block. Externally the procedure of self-diagnostics of system is shown by small pulsations of a foot brake right after start of the engine. Failure diagnostics of ABS is made also at each braking of the car.

Control lamp of ABS

At identification by system of any malfunction on the control panel the corresponding control lamp lights up. Operation of a control lamp demonstrates that ABS is disconnected. At the same time operability of the working brake system remains fully, except for function of automatic control of brake effort which is performed by ABS. If the control lamp of ABS does not die away after start of the engine or joins in time of the movement, follows at the first opportunity to address on the nearest car repair shop.

Joint inclusion of control lamps of ABS and refusals of brake system / raising of the parking brake also means shutdown of function of regulation of brake effort that indicates existence of malfunctions both in ABS, and in the brake system. At the same time the brake system of the car will continue to provide rather adequate braking of the car, however it is necessary to avoid sharp squeezing of a pedal of a foot brake. Immediately address on the nearest car repair shop.

Parking of the car

Leaving the car on the parking, always you cock the parking brake. Remember that the control lamp of turning on of the parking brake which is built in in an instrument guard, serves only for a reminder to the driver about need of an otpuskaniye of the parking brake before a start of motion. Burning of a control lamp does not guarantee completeness of raising of the parking brake. In order to avoid spontaneous rolling the car on a bias be convinced that the parking brake is cocked properly.

On models with AT before transferring the selector lever to situation "P", it is necessary to cock the parking brake. Such sequence of actions prevents casual start-off of the car and excludes transfer of considerable load of the mechanism of blocking of a secondary shaft of transmission from skatyvayushchy force car. Unloading of the coupling of blocking of a secondary shaft of transmission provides at the subsequent start-off of the car simplicity of a conclusion of the lever from situation "P".

At the parking of the car on rise, develop forward wheels aside from a border and vice versa.

Before a start of motion, be convinced that the parking brake is completely released. At the movement with not completely released parking brake the overheat and failure of brake mechanisms of back wheels is possible. Besides, it can lead to violation of serviceability of functioning of ABS.

Recommendations about the safe parking of the car

 PERFORMANCE ORDER

1. Track that the top hatch in a roof and all windows were closed.
2. Switch off all devices of lighting.
3. Put baggage and valuable things in the closed offices, or occupy them with yourself.
4. Lock locks of doors by means of a key or the remote control the uniform lock.
5. On the models equipped with anticreeping system make sure of the operation of the indicator of system on the dashboard demonstrating activation of the device.
6. Never leave the car with the working engine on the platforms covered with dry foliage, a high grass or other combustible materials. Remember that the case of the catalytic converter can be heated to very high temperature that is fraught with ignition.


Recommendations about driving of the car in adverse weather conditions

Features of driving in adverse road conditions

Driving during a rain, in strong fog or snowfall demands from the driver of special skills, in view of decrease in coupling of wheels with a paving and deterioration in visibility. Constantly support the car in technically working order. At commission of trips to bad weather observe extra care. Avoid use of a tempostat (at the corresponding complete set of the car) in adverse weather conditions.

Reduce speed and move more slowly, than usually in normal weather conditions on a dry paving. Remember that reactions of the car to management will be more sluggish and slowed down even if the paving looks only slightly damp. Try to influence all controls of the car smoothly. On a wet and slippery paving the sharp breakthrough of a steering wheel or careless squeezing of a brake pedal can lead to loss of control over management. At the beginning of a trip, still completely without having adapted to adverse weather conditions, show the increased care. It is especially useful to follow this rule at the movement during snowfall. It is necessary to remember that at operation of the car in warm season many useful skills of driving of the car on a slippery paving are forgotten that demands some time for their restoration.

Show extra care, driving the car during a rain as lack of practice during the dry period does not allow to be reconstructed and adapt a bridle manner for new conditions quickly.

After the long dry period the first rains do a paving especially slippery.


Review

For traffic safety in any weather conditions it is very important to have the good review in all directions. It is worth to remember to take care also that your car remained to well noticeable drivers of other vehicles, - you remember that at movement along the route inclusion of passing beam will never prevent even during daylight hours. It is more difficult to fulfill these requirements in adverse weather conditions.

Regularly check a condition of brushes of screen wipers and snuffled windshield washers. Constantly support the required liquid level in the tank of the washing liquid. Use for gas station of system of washing of glasses only liquids, the recommended brands. You watch a condition of working elements of screen wipers, you make their replacement as soon as brushes cease to purify glass properly. For prevention of condensation of moisture on the internal surface of glasses use having blown in glasses air, in case of need turn on the air conditioner.

Coupling of tires with a paving

Regularly control air pressure in tires and degree of wear of protectors of tires (pattern depth). Both of these factors are extremely important from the point of view of good coupling of tires with a paving and prevention of the phenomenon of hydroplaning, that is sharp reduction of coupling with the road at entrance to pools. For ensuring the best controllability with the car and traffic safety at approach of a winter season use studded rubber.

During the movement constantly watch changes of road conditions which often are very unstable. Presence on the road of wet foliage can be not dangerous, than ice. Often in appearance the pure and dry paving can ice over certain sites. Especially dangerous conditions develop at air temperatures about 0 °C when pools can alternate with frost that does behavior of the car especially unpredictable.

Be careful when switching the automatic transmission in the lowered range. On a slippery covering sharp inclusion of a low gear can lead to short-term pro-slipping of driving wheels and a drift of the car

Extra care and attention are required from the driver at commission of overtakings. Equally it is necessary to observe attentiveness, when overtaking your car by other vehicles. Splashes of water and dirt from under wheels of the overtaken truck can sharply worsen visibility through a windshield. The rush of a side wind during commission of overtaking of the truck or the bus is dangerous by loss of control over management.

Towage of the trailer

The wrong placement of baggage, and also transportation of too heavy freights on the car or the towed trailer can worsen considerably controllability and brake properties of transport means / road train that it is fraught with creation of an emergency on roads. Before a start of motion always attentively check correctness of loading of the car and trailer.

The full mass of the trailer including its own weight and mass of the freight placed in it should not exceed the extreme admissible mass of the towed trailer (see Specifications). The extreme admissible mass of the trailer depends on that, it is equipped with brake mechanisms, or not.

The maximum vertical load on the hook-on device of the car with a full mass of the trailer should not exceed 50 kgfs. For trailers with a full weight up to 500 kg it is necessary to follow the following rule: vertical load of a turnbuckle has to make about 10% of the full mass of the trailer. For example, if the full mass of the trailer with freight is equal to 225 kg, vertical load of the hook-on device has to make about 22.5 kgfs. Adjust load of a car turnbuckle, as appropriate placing freight on the trailer. For a start it is recommended to place freight so that about 60% of its weight were ahead of a trailer axis, and 40% - behind. If the full mass of the trailer exceeds 500 kg, try to distribute freight on trailer length more evenly. Never load the trailer so that a back part of the trailer outweighed a lobby, - it leads to unloading of back wheels of the car that worsens coupling of tires with a paving.

The full mass of the car and the towed trailer should not exceed the corresponding maximum admissible values (see Specifications).

The full mass of the car includes: the equipped mass of the car, mass of the driver, passengers and baggage, mass of the hook-on device and the mass of the trailer falling on it. Remember that the mass of the additional equipment installed on the car and the mass of the trailer falling on a turnbuckle (at towage of the trailer), reduce payload capacity of the vehicle by the corresponding sizes.

The most reliable way of check of correctness of loading of the car and trailer is weighing. Load the car and the trailer as they are usually exploited as a part of the road train, and weigh them on cargo scales. Define values of full mass of the car and the trailer, and also masses falling on axes of the car and trailer. Compare results of measurements to requirements of Specifications.

Hook-on device

Installation of the hook-on devices which are not corresponding on the standard sizes to mass-dimensional characteristics of the trailer, or incorrectly installed on the car, can become the reason of damage of body elements of the vehicle.


The maximum admissible distance from a turnbuckle head to a back axis of the car makes 1094 mm



The design of the hook-on device intended for installation on your car has to meet all necessary requirements completely. In case of need consult at car repair shop of the Subaru company.

The hook-on device has to fasten in several specially provided points on the basis of a car body that loadings from the towed trailer were distributed more evenly and fell on elements of strengthening of a body. It is forbidden to mount on the car the hook-on devices leaning only on a rear bumper which is not intended for perception of similar loadings. Installation of a turnbuckle has to be made by qualified personnel of car service.

Rear-view mirrors

Towage of the large-size trailer (Caravan type) usually demands installation on the car of additional rear-view mirrors with the extended arms. Specify the requirements of the local legislation and Traffic regulations concerning towage of trailers cars. Attach the trailer to the car and estimate extent of deterioration in a rearview through standard rear-view mirrors. If the review unsatisfactory, then for reasons of safety it is necessary to equip the special mirrors providing to the driver the adequate review of space behind the car.

Connection of the trailer to the car

If you are going to buy the trailer equipped with brake mechanisms, be convinced that they have the electric drive of management, - the design of the hydraulic drive of the working brake system of your car does not provide a possibility of connection to it of any additional contours, in particular, for actuating of brake mechanisms of the trailer. Any way of accession to a brake hydraulic actuator of the car of the brake system of the trailer what attractive it would not seem will lead to deterioration in efficiency of braking of the car and decrease in traffic safety.

Attaching the trailer to the car, always use a safety chain. The ends of a safety chain have to be reliably fixed to appropriate places on the dyshl of the trailer and on the hook-on device of the car. Track that the chain passed under dyshly the trailer, - it will prevent falling of the forward end of a dyshl on the road in case of a hitch rassoyedineniye. Free length of a chain has to be sufficient not to prevent commission of turns of the road train with the minimum radiuses, however, it is not necessary to allow drawings of a chain on the ground.

Devices of external lighting and alarm systems on the trailer

As on trailers of various brands various laying of an electrical wiring can be used, the equipment of a turnbuckle should be charged to specialists of car service. In certain cases installation of a transitional nozzle (adapter) can be required.

Before connecting trailer electric equipment to the car power supply network, surely consult at car repair shop.

Preparation for towage of the trailer

 PERFORMANCE ORDER

1. Before a start of motion it is necessary to make control survey and check of the car and trailer.
2. Measure the vertical loading falling on the hook-on device, - use usual bathroom scales.
3. Check reliability of fastening of a dyshl of the trailer and a safety chain.
4. Check technical condition of tires and pressure of air in tires on the car and the trailer. The lowered air pressure in tires considerably worsens controllability of the car and the road train. At the same time check a state and pressure of air in a spare wheel.
5. Having completely loaded and having attached the trailer to the car, make sure of lack of excessive "flash" of a back part of the car, - in case of need freight in the car/trailer.
6. Check serviceability of functioning of devices of external lighting and the alarm system on the car and the trailer.
7. Specify the operating restrictions of traffic regulations for the maximum speed of the movement of the road train as a part of the car and the trailer. Planning to make a trip around several countries, in advance get acquainted with features of the local requirements and restrictions concerning towage of the trailer the car as the restrictions can work in each country.

In the European countries restriction of speed of the movement of the road train as a part of the car and the trailer is established at the level of 100 km/h.


Security measures at towage of the trailer

It is necessary to consider that the brake way of the car towing the trailer increases. Therefore, moving with the trailer, you should support the increased distance to ahead the going car. Try to avoid sharp braking and turns. It can lead to folding of the road train or even a turning of the trailer.

Remember that road train length considerably exceeds length of the single car. At turn to the right leave between edge of a carriageway and wheels of the right board of the car the bigger distance, than usually is considerable to avoid arrival by trailer wheels on a border. Consider that at turn of the road train the trailer moves on an arch of smaller radius, than the car, and can run or collide an obstacle which the car freely passed. When overtaking other vehicle you do not hurry to come back to the row as it can lead to collision of the overtaken car with the trailer.

The road train, in comparison with the single car, is more sensitive to action of rushes of a side wind and aerodynamic indignations from other cars. If you are overtaken at great speed by the heavy truck or the road train, try to support rectilinear and uniform motion of the car. To reduce the aerodynamic indignations operating on the road train from ahead the going car reduce speed to leave a turbulent stream.

At towage of the trailer load of all main units and systems of the car increases. Therefore at frequent use of the car for towage of the trailer it is necessary to carry out periodic maintenance of the car according to the regulations characteristic of intense service conditions (see the Head Routine maintenance).

Additional load of the car even more increases at operation of the road train in the hilly area. When overcoming long rises you watch closely temperature condition of the engine according to the arrow index on the control panel. At approach of an arrow of the index to an overheat zone, switch off the air conditioner (if it is equipped and included) and continue the movement. If temperature of cooling liquid of the engine does not decrease, or continues to increase, stop on a roadside and let's the engine cool down.

The conditioner of air should be switched off also at rapid increase in speed on descent at the movement in the hilly or hilly terrain. If temperature of cooling liquid of the engine constantly increases at the movement on the second transfer, reduce the speed of the movement below a mark of 60 km/h.

At the movement in the hilly or hilly terrain cyclic switching of the third and fourth transfers of automatic transmission can be observed. In this case it is necessary to pass into the lowered range of "D3" that will prevent an overheat and excessive wear of details of the AT frictional elements. In order to avoid an overheat of brake mechanisms at the movement on long descents use braking by the engine. For effective braking by the engine include the lowered range or one of the lowest steps of the automatic transmission.

At a road train stop on rise do not hold it on the place by pressing of a pedela of gas, - it can lead to AT overheat. Use the working brake system, or the parking brake.

At management of automatic transmission in the manual mode use the third, second and first transfers, being conformed with a speed of the movement of the car and road conditions. Towing the trailer, do not include the fourth transfer. The recommended high-speed ranges for use of various steps of the transmission are specified in Specifications.

Zaparkovyvy the road train on the long parking, especially on descent or rise, take all precautionary measures for reliable braking of the car and the trailer. Turn forward wheels of the car so that when rolling the road train they rested against curbstone. Completely cock the parking brake and transfer the lever of the selector of ranges to situation "P". On the models equipped with RKPP turn on the first, or reverse gear. In addition enclose antiretractable boots under both wheels of the trailer.

The control of road train at the movement by a backing presents certain difficulties and demands from the driver of special skills and a training. Move a backing carefully and slowly, do not rotate excessively quickly steering wheel. When maneuvering by a backing in the constrained conditions it is useful that someone, standing outside, monitored movements of the trailer and directed your actions. Keep in mind that at rotation of a steering wheel clockwise (to the right) the trailer moves to the left and vice versa. When maneuvering the road train the backing recommends to hold a rim of a steering wheel from below (and not from above, as usual, at the movement by the forward course). At such successful fellow habitual compliance between the direction of turn of a steering wheel and the movement of the trailer remains: hand shift leads to turn of the trailer also to the left to the left and vice versa.