Subaru Forester
+ Subaru Forester cars
+ Maintenance instruction
+ Routine maintenance
+ Engine
+ Cooling systems, heating
+ Power supply system and release
+ Engine electric equipment
- Control systems of the engine
Specifications
System of onboard diagnostics (OBD) - the principle of functioning and codes of malfunctions. Signals in chains of management
ESM - the general information, assessment of a state and replacement
Information sensors, the relay and actuation mechanisms - the general information
System of catching of fuel evaporations (EVAP)
System of recirculation of the fulfilled gases (EGR)
System of the operated ventilation of a case (PCV)
Conductor of a jellied mouth of the fuel tank
The catalytic converter - the general information, check of a state and replacement
+ Gear shifting box
+ Coupling, transmission line
+ Brake system
+ Suspension bracket and steering
+ Body
+ Onboard electric equipment
|
Information sensors, the relay and actuation mechanisms - the general information
|
|
In order to avoid failure of ESM when performing of the checks described below use only the digital voltmeter with high (over 10 megohms) an impedance! |
|
|
The car equipped with the OBD-II system should be driven away on car repair shop for reading of codes of malfunctions with use of the special scanner. There are some checks (connected with identification of causes of failures at start of the engine) which the owner of the vehicle can independently execute, in all other cases the car should be driven away in car service. |
The sensor switch of turning on of the conditioner of air - the general information and the principle of functioning
At receipt of a signal from the sensor switch of inclusion of K/B ECM makes the necessary adjustments of working parameters of the engine (first of all idling turns) designed to compensate the increase of loading connected with functioning of the conditioner.
Full squeezing of a pedal of an accelerator at working To/in automatically leads to temporary shutdown of the K/V compressor that increases acceleration performance of the car during overtaking. The signal of opening of a butterfly valve arrives on ECM from TPS (see below) and the module of management immediately develops the command for operation of disconnecting compressor relay.
Sensor of measurement of mass of air (MAF)
General information and principle of functioning
The MAF sensor is fixed in the top cover of the air cleaner.
Details of installation of the sensor of measurement of mass of air
The sensor performs measurement of mass of all air which is soaked up in the engine and on the basis of information of ECM arriving from it defines amount of injectable fuel, providing the required composition of air-fuel mix, and also optimum parameters of ignition.
Measurement of mass of air is performed on technology of the "hot film" based on efficiency of cooling of a sensitive element of the MAF sensor. Activation of the sensor happens at the time of inclusion of ignition at turn of a key in position of ON.
The sensitive element of the sensor works as the thermosensitive resistor. ECM seeks to maintain constantly temperature of a sensitive element at the required level. At a sensor head obduva the sensitive element is cooled with air and ECM provides adjustment of force of the current passed through it. The internal contour of the sensor monitors this change and gives the corresponding signal on ECM which on the basis of the analysis of the arriving information makes necessary adjustments.
Removal and installation
The description of procedures of removal and installation of the MAF sensor is provided in the Section Removal and installation of the sensor of measurement of mass of air (MAF) of the Head of the Power supply system and release.
The sensor of atmospheric pressure (model with AT)
|
|
The sensor of atmospheric value is used only on models with AT. |
General information and principle of functioning
The sensor of atmospheric pressure is used on the models equipped with automatic transmission and fastens ahead of the top support of the right rack of a forward suspension bracket.
The electromagnetic valve switching between the atmospheric and soaking-up lines and actually pressure sensor is a part of the sensor.
The signals developed by the sensor are used by ECM at management of functioning of the EGR and EVAP systems (see Specifications).
Removal and installation
|
|
If the stereosystem established on the car is equipped with a security code before disconnecting the battery make sure that you have the correct combination for input of the audio system in action! |
|
|
|
|
1. Disconnect a negative wire from the battery.
2. Disconnect an electrical wiring from the sensor. |
| 3. Disconnect a hose from pressure sensor. |
|
| 4. Remove the sensor from a basic arm. |
|
Installation is made upside-down.
Sensors of position of cranked (CKP) and distributive (CMP) of shaft
General information and principle of functioning
|
|
|
|
1. On the basis of the frequency signal of ECM arriving from CKP and CMP sensors defines the current position of pistons in engine cylinders.
2. Sensors have the similar principle of functioning and develop a signal continuously at the working engine. |
| 3. The CKP sensor is installed under a cogwheel of a bent shaft. Every time when tooth of a wheel of a bent shaft passes under the sensitive CKP element, the sensor develops a small electric impulse. |
|
| 4. The CMP sensor on a support of the left camshaft also develops an impulse every time when passing by its sensitive element of the special ledge provided on the back party of a cogwheel of the camshaft. |
|
Principle of functioning of the CMP sensor
Removal and installation
CKP sensor
|
|
If the stereosystem established on the car is equipped with a security code before disconnecting the battery make sure that you have the correct combination for input of the audio system in action! |
|
|
|
|
| 1. Disconnect a negative wire from the battery. |
| 2. Turn out a bolt of fastening of the CKP sensor to the block of cylinders. |
|
| 3. Remove the sensor and disconnect from it an electrical wiring. |
|
| 4. Installation is made upside-down. Track that the fixing bolt was tightened with the required effort (6.4 ± 0.5 Nanometers). |
|
CMP sensor
|
|
If the stereosystem established on the car is equipped with a security code before disconnecting the battery make sure that you have the correct combination for input of the audio system in action! |
|
|
|
|
| 1. Disconnect a negative wire from the battery. |
| 2. Disconnect an electrical wiring from the CMP sensor. |
|
| 3. Turn out a fixing bolt and remove the CMP sensor from a support of the left camshaft. |
|
| 4. Installation is made upside-down. Track that the fixing bolt was tightened with the required effort (6.4 ± 0.5 Nanometers). |
|
Sensor of temperature of cooling liquid of the engine (ECT)
General information and principle of functioning
|
|
|
|
| 1. The ECT sensor is fixed on the pipe of a cooling path of the engine made of aluminum alloy and is a thermistor which resistance changes in inverse proportion to change of temperature. |
|
| 2. On the basis of the analysis of information of ECM arriving from the sensor exercises control of fuel injection parameters, maintaining by that efficiency of return of the engine at the maximum level. |
|
|
Removal and installation
|
|
If the stereosystem established on the car is equipped with a security code before disconnecting the battery make sure that you have the correct combination for input of the audio system in action! |
The converter of counter-pressure of system of recirculation of the fulfilled gases (EGR)
General information and principle of functioning
By means of this converter control of functioning of the EGR system by restriction of depth of the depression caused by counter-pressure in system of release is exercised.
Removal and installation
|
|
|
|
| 1. Disconnect vacuum hoses from the counter-pressure converter. |
|
2. Remove the sensor from a basic arm.
3. Installation is made upside-down. |
|
Pressure sensor in the fuel tank
Removal and installation of the sensor of pressure in the fuel tank
|
|
If the stereosystem established on the car is equipped with a security code before disconnecting the battery make sure that you have the correct combination for input of the audio system in action! |
|
|
| 1. Disconnect a negative wire from the battery. |
| 2. Release the fixing hook and shift a back of the right back side seat forward. |
|
| 3. Uncover the top support of the right rack of a back suspension bracket. |
|
| 4. Remove top sections of finishing of the right back window leaf. |
|
| 5. Remove the right back floor pillow. |
|
| 6. Remove the right back eye of fastening of baggage in a cargo compartment of the car. |
|
| 7. Remove the right section of an overlay of a threshold of a door of a back. |
|
| 8. Release clamps and separate the lower panel of finishing of a back window leaf from a body element. |
|
| 9. Disconnect an electrical wiring from a back nest of food. |
|
| 10. Disconnect an electrical wiring from pressure sensor in the fuel tank. |
|
| 11. Turn out bolts of fastening of a basic arm of the sensor of pressure. |
|
| 12. Disconnect a hose from pressure sensor. |
|
13. Remove pressure sensor from a basic arm.
14. Installation is made upside-down. |
|
The electromagnetic valve of management of pressure in the fuel tank
Removal and installation
|
|
If the stereosystem established on the car is equipped with a security code before disconnecting the battery make sure that you have the correct combination for input of the audio system in action! |
|
|
1. Disconnect a negative wire from the battery.
2. The car also establish to Poddomkratta it on props. |
| 3. Disconnect from the electromagnetic valve of management of pressure of the line of withdrawal of fuel evaporations. |
|
| 4. Disconnect an electrical wiring from the valve. |
|
| 5. Remove the valve from a basic arm. |
|
|
Installation is made upside-down.
Electromagnetic valve of ventilation
Removal
|
|
If the stereosystem established on the car is equipped with a security code before disconnecting the battery make sure that you have the correct combination for input of the audio system in action! |
|
|
1. Disconnect a negative wire from the battery.
2. The car also establish to Poddomkratta it on props. |
| 3. Remove a coal adsorber. |
|
| 4. Disconnect two hoses from assembly of the air filter. |
|
| 5. Disconnect an electrical wiring from the ventilating valve. |
|
| 6. Turn out a bolt of fastening of a basic arm of the valve. |
|
| 7. Disconnect two vacuum hoses from the valve. |
|
| 8. Turn out the only bolt of fastening of the valve to a basic arm. |
|
| 9. Remove the valve. |
|
Installation
|
|
|
|
| 1. Having tightened a bolt, fix the valve on a basic arm. |
| 2. Connect vacuum hoses to the valve. |
|
3. Start assembly of the valve with an arm on the regular place, screw and tighten with the required effort (17.6 ± 5 Nanometers) a fixing bolt.
4. Connect an electrical wiring to the valve.
5. Connect hoses to the air filter
6. Establish into place a coal adsorber.
7. Lower the car on the earth.
8. Connect a negative wire to the battery. |
|
Actuation mechanism of the drive of system of stabilization of turns of idling (IAC/ISC)
General information and principle of functioning
By means of the ISC actuation mechanism control of amount of the air bypassed bypassing the throttle camera is exercised. The possibility of such additional air supply in the inlet pipeline allows the module of management to support idling turns at the set level regardless of change of the current load of the engine. The amount of the bypassed air is controlled by ECM by means of a frequency signal, is continuous in the course of functioning of the engine arriving from the special electromagnet which is a part of the IAC valve.
The number of sources of information on the basis of which ECM defines exact amount of air which needs to be given to a round of the throttle camera for maintenance of turns of idling at the set level includes signals from RPM meters of cranked (CKP) and distributive (CMP) of shaft, the sensor of provision of a butterfly valve (TPS), the sensor of temperature of cooling liquid (ECT), the sensor of the speed (VSS 2), the switch of ignition, the K/V sensor switch, and also the sensor switch of neutral position of the transmission of RKPP/permission of start (AT).
Removal and installation
|
|
If the stereosystem established on the car is equipped with a security code before disconnecting the battery make sure that you have the correct combination for input of the audio system in action! |
|
|
1. Disconnect a negative wire from the battery.
2. Release a collar of fastening of a sleeve of an air inlet to the MAF sensor (air cleaner) (see the Section Fuel Pressure Regulator - general information of the Head of the Power supply system and release) also release a collar of fastening of the sleeve connecting the delivery camera to the throttle case.
3. Disconnect air hoses and shoot an air duct assembled with delivery (see the Section Fuel Pressure Regulator - general information of the Head of the Power supply system and release). |
| 4. Disconnect an electrical wiring from the electromagnetic valve of additional air (IAC). |
|
5. Disconnect a hose of PCV (A) and a vacuum hose (In).
6. At the corresponding complete set of the car disconnect a vacuum hose (C) from the operating diaphragm of a tempostat. |
|
| 7. Disconnect from the IAC valve perepuskny an air hose. |
|
| 8. Turn out fastening bolts to valvate assembly on the throttle case. |
|
| 9. Disconnect from the IAC valve and take aside hoses of a cooling path. |
|
10. Remove the valve.
11. Installation is made upside-down. Do not forget to replace sealing laying, see that all fixture was tightened with the required effort (6.4 ± 0.5 Nanometers). |
|
Washing and control
|
|
| 1. Start the engine and warm up it normal working temperature, - the cooling system fan has to turn on. |
| 2. Having slightly opened a butterfly valve, lift engine turns till 2000 a minute. |
|
| 3. Disconnect perepuskny a hose from an air inlet sleeve. |
|
| 4. Slowly pump over in an opening of a perepuskny hose a full barrel (about 480 ml) of a special cleaner like Top Engine Cleaner No 1050002 GM, Delco Carburetor No X66-A AC, or Tune Up Conditioner. |
|
5. Let's the engine work within five minutes, - it is not necessary to be frightened emissions of white smoke from an exhaust pipe.
6. Kill the engine and release a butterfly valve.
7. Restore initial connection of a perepuskny hose. |
8. Working according to instructions of manufacturers, adjust coefficient of filling of the electromagnetic IAC valve by means of the special reader SUBARU SELECT MONITOR Fill a cartridge in the reader; Connect the reader to the diagnostic DLC socket; Include ignition, then turn on the reader; Choose the mode "2. Each System Check" in the main menu of the device;
Choose the subsection "EGI/EMPI" in the menu of the choice; In subsection of the EGI/EMPI menu choose the mode "1. Current Data Display & Save"; Pass into the subsection "1.12 Data Display"; Adjust TPS according to requirements of Specifications (the coefficient of filling of the IAC valve has to make 25 ÷ 40%).
|
|
|
Detonation sensor
General information and principle of functioning
Detonation sensor design
The sensor of a detonation equipped with a piezoelectric sensitive element reacts to increase of level of vibrations of the engine and transfers the relevant information to ECM which, analyzing the signals coming from the sensor, as appropriate corrects an ignition advancing corner.
Removal
|
|
If the stereosystem established on the car is equipped with a security code before disconnecting the battery make sure that you have the correct combination for input of the audio system in action! |
|
|
| 1. Disconnect a negative wire from the battery. |
| 2. Remove the delivery camera of an inlet air path. |
|
| 3. On models remove from RKPP and, without disconnecting hydraulic lines, take aside the executive cylinder of coupling. |
|
| 4. Disconnect an electrical wiring from the detonation sensor. |
|
5. Remove the detonation sensor from the block of cylinders.
|
|
|
Installation
|
|
The wire which is built in in the sensor has to be developed at an angle 45 ° to a back wall of the power unit! |
|
|
|
|
| 1. Install the detonation sensor on the regular place on the block of cylinders and tighten it with the required effort (23.5 ± 2.9 Nanometers). |
|
2. Connect an electrical wiring to the detonation sensor.
3. On models with RKPP install into place the executive cylinder, - the knot of a joint of the lever of switching off of coupling with a rod of the cylinder should be greased with jellied lubricant. Track that fixing a bolt were tightened with the required effort (37 ± 3 Nanometers).
4. Establish into place assembly of the delivery camera of an air path.
5. Connect a negative wire to the battery. |
|
Main relay of control systems of the engine and fuel injection
General information
The main relay of control systems of the engine and injection of fuel is responsible for giving of food to the sensor of mass of air (MAF), the electromagnetic valve of a purge of a coal adsorber of the EVAP system, fuel injection injectors, the valve of management of air supply, a heating element of the oxygen sensor and the electromagnetic valve of management of turns of bystry idling (FICD).
Removal and installation
|
|
If the stereosystem established on the car is equipped with a security code before disconnecting the battery make sure that you have the correct combination for input of the audio system in action! |
Electrical wiring of a relay sborkinka
|
|
|
|
| 1. Disconnect a negative wire from the battery. |
| 2. Turn out a bolt of fastening of a basic arm of the main relay and relay of the fuel pump. |
|
| 3. Disconnect an electrical wiring from the relay. |
| 4. Remove the main relay from an arm. |
|
| 5. Installation is made upside-down. |
|
Control lamp of refusals (MIL)
General information
The control lamp of refusals (MIL) sometimes called also by a lamp "Check the engine", it is built in in an instrument guard of the car and serves for identification of signs of violations of functioning of the engine. The lamp quickly lights up at inclusion of ignition and has to go out within several seconds after implementation of start of the engine. The refusal of a lamp of switching off, or its operation at the working engine are malfunction signs.
Diagnostics of a condition of a control lamp of MIL
|
|
| 1. The refusal of operation of a lamp at inclusion of ignition (without start of the engine) demonstrates existence in a chain of its food of break or short circuit, - check a condition of the corresponding electrical wiring (see schemes of electric connections in the Head Onboard electric equipment.
2. The refusal of a lamp of switching off after start of the engine can be caused by short circuit in a chain of its electrical wiring. As confirmation lack of any diagnostic OBD codes can serve in memory of ECM.
3. When giving in a chain of a lamp of cyclic tension with a frequency of 3 Hz the lamp of MIL has to work in the flashing mode. The refusal of a lamp of a blinking when giving the corresponding tension demonstrates existence in its chain of break or short circuit. Check also a condition of the contact socket of a chain of the modes of testing for existence of signs of break.
4. If the control lamp of MIL continues to work in the flashing mode when giving in a chain of its food of cyclic tension with a frequency of 3 Hz after inclusion of ignition, it is necessary to check the contact socket of the modes of diagnostics on existence of signs of short circuit. |
|
Oxygen sensors
General information and principle of functioning
The scheme of placement of oxygen sensors in system of production of the fulfilled gases
The scheme of an arrangement of oxygen sensors in system of production of the fulfilled gases
Location of the forward oxygen sensor (1)
Location of the back oxygen sensor (2) on the Californian models
Location of the back oxygen sensor (3) on federal models
Design of the oxygen sensor
Both oxygen sensors (forward and back) are identical on a design and are the zirconium tube covered with platinum generating tension in the presence of a difference in concentration of oxygen in it and outside. The case of the sensor is grounded on the mass of system of production of the fulfilled gases, an internal part is connected to ECM.
|
|
At combustion in cylinders of the reenriched air-fuel mix all oxygen which is almost contained in the fulfilled gases reacts from the zirconium tube applied on walls platinum that leads to very high difference of concentration of O2 in and outside of a tube and, - as a result, - to increase developed by the EMF sensor. |
When giving in the engine regrown poor, i.e., mix rich with oxygen, after catalytic reaction concentration of O2 in a tube remains rather high what the smaller difference of potentials in the sensor testifies much to.
|
|
The maximum differences of content of oxygen are observed around optimum stoichiometric number of air-fuel mix that allows ECM to make the corresponding adjustments with the minimum delay. |
It should be noted that efficiency of generation of EMF considerably depends on temperature, reaching a maximum around 300 ÷ 400 °C. This restriction was considered by developers, - the ceramic heating element allowing to bring much quicker them in an operating mode at start of the engine standardly enters a design of sensors of the last generation.
Removal and installation
Forward oxygen sensor
|
|
If the stereosystem established on the car is equipped with a security code before disconnecting the battery make sure that you have the correct combination for input of the audio system in action! |
|
|
| 1. Disconnect a negative wire from the battery. |
| 2. Disconnect an electrical wiring from the forward oxygen sensor. |
|
3. The car also establish to Poddomkratta it on props.
4. Grease a carving part of the sensor with structure of the SUBARU CRC (No. 004301003) and give to means to be absorbed within not less than one minute. |
5. Remove the oxygen sensor.
|
|
In order to avoid a sensor exit out of operation do not use at its reversing excessive force, especially when working on the cooled-down system of release! |
|
|
| 6. Before installation a carving part of the sensor follows the anti-taking sealant of the JET LUBE SS-30 type. |
|
7. Screw the sensor and tighten it with the required effort (21 ± 3 Nanometers).
8. Connect an electrical wiring to the sensor. Lower the car on the earth.
9. Connect a negative wire to the battery. |
|
The back oxygen sensor (except the Californian models)
|
|
If the stereosystem established on the car is equipped with a security code before disconnecting the battery make sure that you have the correct combination for input of the audio system in action! |
|
|
1. Disconnect a negative wire from the battery.
2. The car also establish to Poddomkratta it on props. |
| 3. Disconnect an electrical wiring from the back oxygen sensor. |
|
| 4. Grease a carving part of the sensor with structure of the SUBARU CRC (No. 004301003) and give to means to be absorbed within not less than one minute. |
5. Remove the oxygen sensor.
|
|
In order to avoid a sensor exit out of operation do not use at its reversing excessive force, especially when working on the cooled-down system of release! |
|
|
6. Before installation a carving part of the sensor follows the anti-taking sealant of the JET LUBE SS-30 type.
7. Screw the sensor and tighten it with the required effort (21 ± 3 Nanometers).
8. Connect an electrical wiring to the sensor.
9. Lower the car on the earth.
10. Connect a negative wire to the battery. |
|
Back oxygen sensor (Californian models)
|
|
If the stereosystem established on the car is equipped with a security code before disconnecting the battery make sure that you have the correct combination for input of the audio system in action! |
|
|
| 1. Disconnect a negative wire from the battery. |
| 2. Disconnect an electrical wiring from the back oxygen sensor. |
|
3. The car also establish to Poddomkratta it on props.
4. Grease a carving part of the sensor with structure of the SUBARU CRC (No. 004301003) and give to means to be absorbed within not less than one minute. |
| 5. Remove the oxygen sensor. |
|
6. Before installation a carving part of the sensor follows the anti-taking sealant of the JET LUBE SS-30 type.
7. Screw the sensor and tighten it with the required effort (21 ± 3 Nanometers).
8. Connect an electrical wiring to the sensor.
9. Lower the car on the earth.
10. Connect a negative wire to the battery. |
|
|
|
In order to avoid a sensor exit out of operation do not use at its reversing excessive force, especially when working on the cooled-down system of release! |
Sensor of provision of a butterfly valve (TPS)
General information and principle of functioning
TPS is a classical potentiometer (the variable resistor) which resistance directly depends on an angle of rotation of an axis of a butterfly valve. ECM uses information arriving from TPS for correction of composition of air-fuel mix at the moments of acceleration, braking by the engine or on single turns.
Adjustment
|
|
| 1. Switch off ignition. |
| 2. Weaken TPS fastening screws. |
|
| 3. When using the voltmeter remove ECM, include ignition and adjust position of TPS so that that it gave on the module of management the signal conforming to requirements of Specifications (the B84 plug No. No. 24 and 24: 0.45 ÷ 055 V [completely closed position of the gate]). |
|
4. When using the special reader SUBARU SELECT MONITOR (act according to instructions of manufacturers of the device): Fill a cartridge in the reader; Connect the reader to the diagnostic DLC socket; Include ignition, then turn on the reader; Choose the mode "2. Each System Check" in the main menu of the device;
Choose the subsection "EGI/EMPI" in the menu of the choice; In subsection of the EGI/EMPI menu choose the mode "1. Current Data Display & Save"; Pass into the subsection "1.12 Data Display"; Adjust TPS according to requirements of Specifications (at completely closed butterfly valve amplitude of a signal has to make about 0:50 In).
|
|
| 5. Having finished adjustment, tighten screws of fastening of the sensor with the required effort (2.2 ± 0.2 Nanometers). |
|
Removal and installation
|
|
If the stereosystem established on the car is equipped with a security code before disconnecting the battery make sure that you have the correct combination for input of the audio system in action! |
|
|
1. Disconnect a negative wire from the battery.
2. Disconnect an electrical wiring from TPS. |
| 3. Turn out fixing screws. |
|
| 4. Remove TPS. |
|
| 5. Installation is made upside-down, - do not forget to make adjustment of the sensor (see above). |
|
Sensor switch of provision of AT/permission of start
General information and principle of functioning
|
|
The sensor switch serves for a security guarantee of start of the engine and is installed on the right on a transmission case around an arrangement of the executive lever of the choice of the high-speed mode. |
In provisions "P" and "N" of the lever the sensor switch is closed that provides a possibility of giving of tension on a starter. In all other provisions of transmission the sensor switch is opened and the possibility of start of the engine is blocked. Besides, the sensor switch in the provision "R" of transmission provides inclusion of fires of a backing.
Besides the listed functions the sensor switch provides the module of management of transmission (TCM) of information on actually chosen AT high-speed mode.
Sensor of speed of the movement of the car (VSS 2)
General information and principle of functioning
The sensor of the speed (VSS 2) is located on transmission and built in a speedometer head.
The sensor generates the signal consisting of 8 impulses on each turn of forward differential and transfers him to the corresponding measuring instrument of the dashboard (speedometer). The signal given on the measuring instrument is converted into a 4-bit signal used then ECM of a control system of the engine. |
|